Here we adopted a landscape genomics approach to assay gene flow, possible local adaptation, and drivers of population structure in Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, an important vector of Chagas disease. We used AMOVA to examine genetic variation among populations, ploidy, and the two groups separately.Accurate prediction of vectors dispersal, as well as identification of adaptations that allow blood-feeding vectors to thrive in built environments, are a basis for effective disease control. Three orders represent the South American fauna of marsupials. Poppr allows import of data in several formats for dominant/codominant, haploid/diploid and geographic data. To assess the effect of geographic conditions on genetic divergence, the isolation by distance (IBD) was tested with a Mantel test of 10,000 permutations to detect the relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance among populations. The R package adegenet, that defines the genind data structure that poppr utilizes, allows support for importing data natively from Structure, Genetix, Genepop, and Fstat. The F ST analysis was conducted by first computing a distance matrix for all sites using an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA Excoffier et al. Of these, Microbiotheria was until recently known as a monotypic genus with the only surviving species Dromiciops gliroides (monito del monte). 1992), and GENODIVE was then used to compute pairwise F ST between sample sites using 5,000 permutations (Meirmans 2020). The recent proposal of a new Dromiciops species ( Dromiciops boz inovici), together with new information on the origin and diversification of living microbioterians has changed the prevailing paradigm around the evolutionary history of these emblematic marsupials. Here, we used a RADseq approach to test for evidence of admixture and past or current gene flow among both species of Dromiciops and evaluate the genetic structure within D. We analyzed 127 samples of Dromiciops distributed across the known distribution range of both species. We also inferred the joint demographic history of these lineages, thus corroborating the status of D. Demographic history reconstruction indicated that D. The Distance Matrix API provides travel distance and time for a matrix of origins and destinations, and consists of rows containing duration and distance values for each pair. gliroides around 4my ago and has remained isolated and demographically stable ever since. Distance Matrix is available in several forms: as a standalone API. as part of the client-side Maps JavaScript API. for server-side use as part of the Client Libraries. gliroides is subdivided into three subclades that experienced recent expansions and moderate gene flow among them (mostly from north to south). To determine whether an isolation by distance pattern was prevalent in S. Furthermore, genetic distances among populations within D. echinata, a genetic distance ( ST) matrix was compared with a geographic distance (km) matrix using the R package ade4. Geographical distances were estimated as the shortest distance by sea between the locality pairs as determined by Google Earth. gliroides were significantly correlated with geographic distances. Euclidean spatial distances and matrix comparisons with 10,000 permutations were performed using NTSYS-pc v2.0. These results suggest that some of the D. The six microsatellite loci yielded a total of 146 alleles, ranging from 1442 per locus. Gliroides populations would have survived in glacial refuges, with posterior expansions after ice retreat.
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